Respira, amigo. No tienes que invertir toda la noche para dejarla satisfecha. Olvídate de batir records: según un estudio de la Universidad de Pennsylvania (EE.UU.) una buena sesión de sexo dura entre 3 y 13 minutos. "La mayoría de la gente piensa que lo ideal son 15 0 20 minutos", asegura el autor del estudio, "pero con nuestra encuesta hemos comprobado que el sexo que supera los 13 minutos está considerado como demasiado largo por las mujeres". Pero tampoco te aceleres: déjate el cronómetro en el cajón de la mesilla, que tampoco es plan.
Sunday, September 19, 2010
Sunday, August 22, 2010
Researchers have collected venom from octopuses in Antarctica
Researchers have collected venom from octopuses in Antarctica for the first time, significantly advancing our understanding of the properties of venom as a potential resource for drug-development.
The study, conducted by an international team of researchers from the University of Melbourne, the Norwegian University of Technology and Science and the University of Hamburg, provides the first insight into the properties of Antarctic octopus venom. It has also revealed the existence of four new species of octopus.
Venom has long been recognised as a potentially valuable resource for drug development. However, scientists have only recently discovered the largely untapped resource cephalopods such as octopuses, cuttlefish and squid, possess in their unique venom properties - especially the species that live in sub-zero temperatures.
Team Leader, Dr Bryan Fry from the Bio21 Institute says it was a mystery how venomous animals have adapted their venom to have an effect even in sub-zero temperatures, where most venoms would normally lose their function.
"This is the first study that has collected Antarctic octopus venom and confirmed that these creatures have adapted it to work in sub zero temperatures - the next step is to work out what biochemical tricks they have used," he says.
Dr Fry says the venom analysis revealed that Antarctic octopus venom harbours a range of toxins, two of which had not previously been described.
"We have discovered new small proteins in the venom with very intriguing activities - these are potentially useful in drug design, but more will be revealed as the study continues," he says.
The study follows from Dr Fry's revelation last year that all octopuses are venomous. The team of scientists then embarked on a huge task to collect and study completely novel venoms to gain a greater understanding of how they work.
"An understanding of the structure and mode of action of venom found in all octopuses may help design drugs for conditions like pain management, allergies and cancer."
Through funding from the Australian Antarctic Division, the team collected 203 octopuses from Antarctic waters. They then genetically profiled each specimen to identify the species and collected venom to analyse in the lab.
"Not only do Antarctic octopuses have the most unique venoms out there, but there is a lot more species than we originally thought."
The study, conducted by an international team of researchers from the University of Melbourne, the Norwegian University of Technology and Science and the University of Hamburg, provides the first insight into the properties of Antarctic octopus venom. It has also revealed the existence of four new species of octopus.
Venom has long been recognised as a potentially valuable resource for drug development. However, scientists have only recently discovered the largely untapped resource cephalopods such as octopuses, cuttlefish and squid, possess in their unique venom properties - especially the species that live in sub-zero temperatures.
Team Leader, Dr Bryan Fry from the Bio21 Institute says it was a mystery how venomous animals have adapted their venom to have an effect even in sub-zero temperatures, where most venoms would normally lose their function.
"This is the first study that has collected Antarctic octopus venom and confirmed that these creatures have adapted it to work in sub zero temperatures - the next step is to work out what biochemical tricks they have used," he says.
Dr Fry says the venom analysis revealed that Antarctic octopus venom harbours a range of toxins, two of which had not previously been described.
"We have discovered new small proteins in the venom with very intriguing activities - these are potentially useful in drug design, but more will be revealed as the study continues," he says.
The study follows from Dr Fry's revelation last year that all octopuses are venomous. The team of scientists then embarked on a huge task to collect and study completely novel venoms to gain a greater understanding of how they work.
"An understanding of the structure and mode of action of venom found in all octopuses may help design drugs for conditions like pain management, allergies and cancer."
Through funding from the Australian Antarctic Division, the team collected 203 octopuses from Antarctic waters. They then genetically profiled each specimen to identify the species and collected venom to analyse in the lab.
"Not only do Antarctic octopuses have the most unique venoms out there, but there is a lot more species than we originally thought."
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
What Is DNA?
What Is DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in almost all the cells of our body.
Within those cells DNA is mostly housed in the nucleus, while a much
smaller amount of DNA can be found in mitochondria. DNA contains
the instructions (blueprints) for putting specific amino acids together to
make proteins. You see, the human body contains thousands of different
proteins, all of which our cells have to build using amino acids as the
building blocks. Without the DNA's instructions, our cells would not
know how to perform such a task.
DNA is long and strand-like and organized into large structures called
chromosomes. Normally we have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in
our nuclei. If we were to take a chromosome and find the end points of
the DNA, we could theoretically straighten it out like thread from a
spool. If we did so we would find thousands of small stretches called
genes on the DNA. We have thousands of genes, which contain the actual
instructions for building specific proteins.
Human DNA contains around twenty-five thousand genes, which
code for proteins. Each person has a unique gene profile.
To oversimplify one of the most amazing events in nature, when a cell
wants to make a specific protein, it makes a copy of its DNA gene in the
form of RNA (ribonucleic acid). You see, DNA and RNA are virtually
the same thing. However, one of the most important differences is that the
RNA can leave the nucleus and travel to where proteins are made in
cells—the ribosomes . At this point both the blueprint
instructions (RNA) and the amino acids are available and it's the job of
the ribosomes to link (bond) amino acids together in the correct sequence.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is found in almost all the cells of our body.
Within those cells DNA is mostly housed in the nucleus, while a much
smaller amount of DNA can be found in mitochondria. DNA contains
the instructions (blueprints) for putting specific amino acids together to
make proteins. You see, the human body contains thousands of different
proteins, all of which our cells have to build using amino acids as the
building blocks. Without the DNA's instructions, our cells would not
know how to perform such a task.
DNA is long and strand-like and organized into large structures called
chromosomes. Normally we have twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in
our nuclei. If we were to take a chromosome and find the end points of
the DNA, we could theoretically straighten it out like thread from a
spool. If we did so we would find thousands of small stretches called
genes on the DNA. We have thousands of genes, which contain the actual
instructions for building specific proteins.
Human DNA contains around twenty-five thousand genes, which
code for proteins. Each person has a unique gene profile.
To oversimplify one of the most amazing events in nature, when a cell
wants to make a specific protein, it makes a copy of its DNA gene in the
form of RNA (ribonucleic acid). You see, DNA and RNA are virtually
the same thing. However, one of the most important differences is that the
RNA can leave the nucleus and travel to where proteins are made in
cells—the ribosomes . At this point both the blueprint
instructions (RNA) and the amino acids are available and it's the job of
the ribosomes to link (bond) amino acids together in the correct sequence.
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
What Do Cells Look Like?
What Do Cells Look Like?
Human cells can differ in size and function. Some are bigger and some
longer, some will make hormones while others will help our body move.
In fact, there are roughly two hundred different types of cells in our body.
Although these cells may seem unrelated, most of the general features will
be the same from one cell to the next. Therefore, we can discuss cells
by describing the features of a single cell. The unique characteristics of
different types of cells such red blood cells, muscle cells, and fat cells will
be described as they become relevant later in this chapter and book.
Let's begin by examining the outer wall, or more scientifically the
plasma membrane of cells. As shown in Figure 2.1, the plasma membrane
separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. The watery
environment inside the cell is called the intracellular fluid. Meanwhile, the
watery medium outside of cells is called the extracellular fluid. Previously,
it was noted that our body is about 60 percent water. Of this 60 percent,
roughly two-thirds of the water is intracellular fluid while the remaining
one-third is extracellular fluid, which would include the plasma of our
blood.
Human cells can differ in size and function. Some are bigger and some
longer, some will make hormones while others will help our body move.
In fact, there are roughly two hundred different types of cells in our body.
Although these cells may seem unrelated, most of the general features will
be the same from one cell to the next. Therefore, we can discuss cells
by describing the features of a single cell. The unique characteristics of
different types of cells such red blood cells, muscle cells, and fat cells will
be described as they become relevant later in this chapter and book.
Let's begin by examining the outer wall, or more scientifically the
plasma membrane of cells. As shown in Figure 2.1, the plasma membrane
separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell. The watery
environment inside the cell is called the intracellular fluid. Meanwhile, the
watery medium outside of cells is called the extracellular fluid. Previously,
it was noted that our body is about 60 percent water. Of this 60 percent,
roughly two-thirds of the water is intracellular fluid while the remaining
one-third is extracellular fluid, which would include the plasma of our
blood.
Sunday, June 6, 2010
Free radicals
Free radicals can cause damage within the human body by attacking
extremely important molecules such as DNA, proteins, and special fatty
acids. If these or other molecules are attacked by free radicals and have an
electron removed from their structure (oxidation) it is like pulling a bot-
tom card from a house of cards. The victimized molecule is rendered
weak and unstable and subject to breakdown. An example of this oxida-
tive damage can be demonstrated by leaving vegetable oil out in an open
container exposed to sunlight. The presence of oxygen and energy from
sunlight leads to the formation of oxygen-based free radicals, which
attack the fat causing them to break down in smaller molecules. Some of
these molecules can produce an offensive odor and taste.
Throughout time we have accepted the presence of free radicals, and
our body has evolved to meet the challenge. We are armed with a battery
of antioxidants to keep the free radicals in check. The term antioxidant
implies that these molecules will prevent free radicals from pulling elec-
trons (oxidation) from other molecules. They may do so by donating their
own electrons to a free radical. This pacifies a free radical and spares
other molecules. Antioxidants are unique because they remain relatively
stable after giving up an electron. They are designed to handle this
process.
extremely important molecules such as DNA, proteins, and special fatty
acids. If these or other molecules are attacked by free radicals and have an
electron removed from their structure (oxidation) it is like pulling a bot-
tom card from a house of cards. The victimized molecule is rendered
weak and unstable and subject to breakdown. An example of this oxida-
tive damage can be demonstrated by leaving vegetable oil out in an open
container exposed to sunlight. The presence of oxygen and energy from
sunlight leads to the formation of oxygen-based free radicals, which
attack the fat causing them to break down in smaller molecules. Some of
these molecules can produce an offensive odor and taste.
Throughout time we have accepted the presence of free radicals, and
our body has evolved to meet the challenge. We are armed with a battery
of antioxidants to keep the free radicals in check. The term antioxidant
implies that these molecules will prevent free radicals from pulling elec-
trons (oxidation) from other molecules. They may do so by donating their
own electrons to a free radical. This pacifies a free radical and spares
other molecules. Antioxidants are unique because they remain relatively
stable after giving up an electron. They are designed to handle this
process.
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Wednesday, May 19, 2010
Calories and Weight
Calories and Weight
A pound of fat equals 3500 calories. To lose 1 pound a week you will need to expend
3500 more calories than you eat that week, whether through increased activity or
decreased eating or both. Losing 1-2 pounds of fat a week is a sensible goal, and so
you will want to use the combination of increased activity and eating less that will total
3500 calories for 7 days.
Although exercising is great just being more active is also a good way to burn calories.
There are many small changing you can make to your daily routine that will burn
calories for example:
• Take the stairs instead of the lift
• Keep walking whilst the escalator caries you up
• Walk or cycle instead of driving short distances
• Park your car further away than you need to or get off the bus one early
• Do some exercise on your lunch hour - swimming, yoga etc
A pound of fat equals 3500 calories. To lose 1 pound a week you will need to expend
3500 more calories than you eat that week, whether through increased activity or
decreased eating or both. Losing 1-2 pounds of fat a week is a sensible goal, and so
you will want to use the combination of increased activity and eating less that will total
3500 calories for 7 days.
Although exercising is great just being more active is also a good way to burn calories.
There are many small changing you can make to your daily routine that will burn
calories for example:
• Take the stairs instead of the lift
• Keep walking whilst the escalator caries you up
• Walk or cycle instead of driving short distances
• Park your car further away than you need to or get off the bus one early
• Do some exercise on your lunch hour - swimming, yoga etc
Thursday, May 13, 2010
Preventative measures
Avoid dangerous argument topics
Occasionally, to handle the tough times, you need to take some preventative measures. One way to keep your relationship out of trouble is to avoid certain arguments. Some topics are just too hot to handle, like her sense of style, for example. You might think she'd benefit from hearing your opinion on her wardrobe choices, but you would be very, very wrong. Stay away from radioactive topics such as her weight and her clothes and you'll be a lot happier in the long run.
Treats minor pain and reduces fever.
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
VANADIUM This mineral
VANADIUM This mineral is needed for cellular metabolism and formation of bones and teeth. Improves insulin utilization. HERBAL SOURCES: Dill.
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Saturday, March 27, 2010
Essiac(R) contains a combination of herbs
Essiac® contains a combination of herbs, including burdock root ( Arctium lappa ), sheep sorrel ( Rumex acetosella ), slippery elm inner bark ( Ulmus fulva ), and Turkish rhubarb ( Rheum palmatum ). The original formula was developed by the Canadian nurse Rene Caisse (1888-1978) in the 1920s ("Essiac" is Caisse spelled backwards). The recipe is said to be based on a traditional Ojibwa (Native American) remedy, and Caisse administered the formula by mouth and injection to numerous cancer patients during the 1920s and 1930s. The exact ingredients and amounts in the original formulation remain a secret.
During investigations by the Canadian government and public hearings in the late 1930s, it remained unclear if Essiac® was an effective cancer treatment. Amidst controversy, Caisse closed her clinic in 1942. In the 1950s, Caisse provided samples of Essiac® to Dr. Charles Brusch, founder of the Brusch Medical Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who administered Essiac® to patients (it is unclear if Brusch was given access to the secret formula). According to some accounts, additional herbs were added to these later formulations, including blessed thistle ( Cnicus benedictus ), red clover ( Trifolium pratense ), kelp ( Laminaria digitata ), and watercress ( Nasturtium officinale ).
A laboratory at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center tested Essiac® samples (provided by Caisse) on mice during the 1970s. This research was never formally published, and there is controversy regarding the results, with some accounts noting no benefits, and others reporting significant effects (including an account by Dr. Brusch). Questions were later raised of improper preparation of the formula. Caisse subsequently refused requests by researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering and the U.S. National Cancer Institute for access to the recipe.
In the 1970s, Caisse provided the formula to Resperin Corporation Ltd., with the understanding that Resperin would coordinate a scientific trial in humans. Although a study was initiated, it was stopped early amidst questions of improper preparation of the formula and inadequate study design. This research was never completed. Resperin Corporation Ltd., which owned the Essiac® name, formally went out of business after transferring rights to the Essiac® name and selling the secret formula to Essiac Products Ltd., which currently distributes products through Essiac® International.
Despite the lack of available scientific evidence, Essiac® and Essiac-like products (with similar ingredients) remain popular among patients, particularly in those with cancer. Essiac® is most commonly taken as a tea. A survey conducted in the year 2000 found almost 15% of Canadian women with breast cancer to be using Essiac®. It has also become popular in patients with HIV and diabetes, and in healthy individuals for its purported immune-enhancing properties, although there is a lack of reliable scientific research in these areas.
There are more than 40 Essiac-like products available in North America, Europe, and Australia. Flor-Essence® includes the original four herbs (burdock root, sheep sorrel, slippery elm bark, Turkish rhubarb) as well as herbs that were later added as "potentiators" (blessed thistle, red clover, kelp, watercress). Virginias Herbal E-Tonic™ contains the four original herbs along with echinacea and black walnut. Other commercial formulations may include additional ingredients, such as cat's claw ( Uncaria tomentosa ).
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Sunday, March 14, 2010
People with fibromyalgia
Memory problems
An inability to concentrate and difficulties with memory can be linked to sleep deprivation, attention disorders, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, or just simply being overworked and overstressed.
People with fibromyalgia often experience these problems as well, known to doctors and patients as "fibro fog", in addition to chronic pain and discomfort. Research has shown that fibromyalgia is associated with a decrease in "gray matter" tissue in areas of the brain that are involved in memory and cognition.
RELATED pain pelief
Tramaden Lioresal Robaxin Skelaxin Zanaflex Tegretol Baclofen Toradol
An inability to concentrate and difficulties with memory can be linked to sleep deprivation, attention disorders, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, or just simply being overworked and overstressed.
People with fibromyalgia often experience these problems as well, known to doctors and patients as "fibro fog", in addition to chronic pain and discomfort. Research has shown that fibromyalgia is associated with a decrease in "gray matter" tissue in areas of the brain that are involved in memory and cognition.
RELATED pain pelief
Tramaden Lioresal Robaxin Skelaxin Zanaflex Tegretol Baclofen Toradol
Saturday, March 6, 2010
Non-traditional therapies
Non-traditional therapies can be effective in relieving pain among hospitalized patients with different types of problems, a new study claims.
Buzz up!
Gregory Plotnikoff, one of the study's authors and medical director of the Penny George Institute for Health and Healing at Abbott Northwestern Hospital insists, an inpatient integrative medicine program can have a significant impact in pain relief, while traditional medications can have negative consequences.
He said: "Roughly 80 percent of patients report moderate to severe pain levels after surgery.
"We struggle to provide effective pain control while trying to avoid the adverse effects of opioid medications, such as respiratory depression, nausea, constipation, dizziness and falls."
The study included 1,837 cardiovascular, medical, surgical, orthopedics, spine, rehabilitation, oncology, and women's health patients at Abbott Northwestern between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2009. They scored their pain verbally on a zero-to-ten scale before and after treatments.
The treatments included non-pharmaceutical services: mind body therapies to elicit the relaxation response, acupuncture, acupressure, massage therapy, healing touch, music therapy, aromatherapy, and reflexology.
Jeffery A. Dusek, Ph.D., research director for the George Institute said: "Earlier studies narrowly focused on whether specific integrative therapies manage pain in either cancer or surgical patients.
"Our real-world study broadly shows that these therapies effectively reduce pain by over 50 percent across numerous patient populations. Furthermore, they can be clinically implemented in real time, across, and under the operational and financial constraints within an acute care hospital."
Also, Lori Knutson, executive director of the George Institute, added: I think we will find that integrative approaches to pain management during the hospital stay will improve patient satisfaction and outcomes, and we will see cost savings from patients using fewer drugs and experiencing fewer adverse events."
Inpatient integrative services provided to patients are based on physician and nursing referrals, which is provided at no additional cost to the patient.
The study, 'The Impact of Integrative Medicine on Pain Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital' has been published in the Journal of Patient Safety.
Buzz up!
Gregory Plotnikoff, one of the study's authors and medical director of the Penny George Institute for Health and Healing at Abbott Northwestern Hospital insists, an inpatient integrative medicine program can have a significant impact in pain relief, while traditional medications can have negative consequences.
He said: "Roughly 80 percent of patients report moderate to severe pain levels after surgery.
"We struggle to provide effective pain control while trying to avoid the adverse effects of opioid medications, such as respiratory depression, nausea, constipation, dizziness and falls."
The study included 1,837 cardiovascular, medical, surgical, orthopedics, spine, rehabilitation, oncology, and women's health patients at Abbott Northwestern between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2009. They scored their pain verbally on a zero-to-ten scale before and after treatments.
The treatments included non-pharmaceutical services: mind body therapies to elicit the relaxation response, acupuncture, acupressure, massage therapy, healing touch, music therapy, aromatherapy, and reflexology.
Jeffery A. Dusek, Ph.D., research director for the George Institute said: "Earlier studies narrowly focused on whether specific integrative therapies manage pain in either cancer or surgical patients.
"Our real-world study broadly shows that these therapies effectively reduce pain by over 50 percent across numerous patient populations. Furthermore, they can be clinically implemented in real time, across, and under the operational and financial constraints within an acute care hospital."
Also, Lori Knutson, executive director of the George Institute, added: I think we will find that integrative approaches to pain management during the hospital stay will improve patient satisfaction and outcomes, and we will see cost savings from patients using fewer drugs and experiencing fewer adverse events."
Inpatient integrative services provided to patients are based on physician and nursing referrals, which is provided at no additional cost to the patient.
The study, 'The Impact of Integrative Medicine on Pain Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital' has been published in the Journal of Patient Safety.
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